Congenital Ichthyoses: 11 Cases from the Pediatric Dermatology Multidisciplinary Consultation of the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of hereditary genetic disorders that occur due to a defective keratinization and consequent disruption of the skin barrier function. Although rare, they are presented as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This study aimed to characterize clinically and genotypically the cases of non-syndromic congenital ichthyoses and to evaluate possible genotype-phenotype relation based on the most recent data in the literature.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study in which all cases with clinical diagnosis and genetic confirmation of non-syndromic congenital ichthyoses were included in the Pediatric Dermatology Multidisciplinary Consultation of Hospital D. Estefânia of the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central.
Results: A total of 11 patients aged between 20 months and 16 years were analyzed. Four had the X-linked recessive form with a mutation in the steroid-sulphatase gene, three of which typically manifested by the appearance at birth of generalized gray polygonal desquamation and one with milder manifestations of xerosis and eczema. The remaining seven patients had an autosomal recessive form, four of them mutated in the TGM1 gene, two in ALOX12B and one in CYP4F22. Regarding the evolution and prognosis, the same mutated gene was responsible for a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, emphasizing the difficulty in establishing a genotype-phenotype relationship for these patients.
Conclusion: Advances in genetics have been fundamental for better compression of the pathophysiology and clinical evolution of congenital ichthyoses. However, given the broad phenotypic spectrum associated with a mutation in the same gene, the establishment of a genotype-phenotype relationship, that would allow a correct prognosis, is not always possible. Although rare, the authors emphasize the importance of further studies in order to improve the quality of life of patients with these genodermatoses.
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References
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