Dermoscopy in Pediatric Dermatology – Part I: Skin Tumors
Keywords:
Child, Dermoscopy, Skin Neoplasms
Abstract
Melanocytic lesions and other skin tumors represent one of the most frequent reasons for pediatric dermatology consultation. Although often benign, some of them may simulate melanoma, which can be a source of anxiety for parents and clinicians. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive and painless technique that increases the diagnostic accuracy for skin tumours, while avoiding unnecessary skin biopsies. In part I of this article, we highlight the importance of dermoscopy for the diagnosis of skin tumors in pediatric patients.
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References
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2. Moscarella E, Piccolo V, Argenziano G, Lallas A, Longo C, Castagnetti F, et al. Problematic lesions in children. Dermatol Clin. 2013;31(4):535-47. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
3. Haliasos EC, Kerner M, Jaimes N, Zalaudek I, Malvehy J, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, et al. Dermoscopy for the pediatric dermatologist part III: dermoscopy of melanocytic lesions. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30(3):281-93. doi: 10.1111/pde.12041.
4. De Col E, Moscarella E, Babino G, Fulgione E, Piccolo V, Argenziano G. Congenital Nevi. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.15-20.
5. Stefanaki C, Soura E, Stergiopoulou A, Kontochristopoulos G, Katsarou A, Potouridou I, et al. Clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of congenital melanocytic naevi. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(10):1674-1680. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14988.
6. Changchien L, Dusza SW, Agero AL, Korzenko AJ, Braun RP, Sachs D, et al. Age- and site-specific variation in the dermoscopic patterns of congenital melanocytic nevi: an aid to accurate classification and assessment of melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Aug;143(8):1007-14.
7. Errichetti E, Patriarca MM, Stinco G. Dermoscopy of congenital melanocytic nevi: a ten-year follow-up study and comparative analysis with acquired melanocytic nevi arising in prepubertal age. Eur J Dermatol. 2017;27(5):505-510. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2017.3088.
8. Kinsler VA, O'Hare P, Bulstrode N, Calonje JE, Chong WK, Hargrave D, et al. Melanoma in congenital melanocytic naevi. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(5):1131-1143. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15301.
9. Krengel S, Marghoob AA. Current management approaches for congenital melanocytic nevi. Dermatol Clin 2012 Jul;30:377-87
10. Scope A, Marchetti MA, Marghoob AA, Dusza SW, Geller AC, Satagopan JM, et al. The study of nevi in children: Principles learned and implications for melanoma diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(4):813-823. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.027.
11. Zalaudek I, Schmid K, Marghoob AA, Scope A, Manzo M, Moscarella E, et al. Frequency of dermoscopic nevus subtypes by age and body site: a cross-sectional study. Arch Dermatol 2011;147:663-70. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.149.
12. Papakonstantinou A, Ioannides D, Vakirlis E, Savvoulidis C, Lallas A, Apalla Z, et al. Dermoscopic features of melanocytic skin lesions in Greek children and adolescents and their association with environmental factors and skin types. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(12):2142-2148. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14996.
13. Hurwitz RM, Buckel LJ. Signature nevi: individuals with multiple melanocytic nevi commonly have similar clinical and histologic patterns. Dermatol Pract Concept 2011;1:13-7. doi: 10.5826/dpc.0101a04.
14. Tsao H, Bevona C, Goggins W, Quinn T. The transformation rate of moles (melanocytic nevi) into cutaneous melanoma: a population-based estimate. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(3):282-288.
15. Aouthmany M, Weinstein M, Zirwas MJ, Brodell RT. The natural history of halo nevi: a retrospective case series. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:582-6. doi: 10.1016/j.
16. De Giorgi V, Sestini S, Grazzini M, Janowska A, Boddi V, Lotti T. Prevalence and distribution of melanocytic naevi on the scalp: a prospective study. Br J Dermatol 2010;162:345-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09486.x.
17. Tcheung WJ, Bellet JS, Prose NS, Cyr DD, Nelson KC. Clinical and dermoscopic features of 88 scalp naevi in 39 children. Br J Dermatol 2011;165:137-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10297.x.
18. Zalaudek I, Schmid K, Niederkorn A, Fink-Puches R, Richtig E, Wolf I, et al. Proposal for a clinical-deroscopic classification of scalp naevi. Br J Dermatol 2014;170:1065-72. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12722.
19. Hunt RD, Orlow SJ, Schaffer JV. Genital melanocytic nevi in children: Experience in a pediatric dermatology practice. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014;70:429-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.022.
20. Minagawa A, Koga H, Uhara H, Yokokawa Y, Okuyama R. Age-related prevalence of dermoscopic patterns in acquired melanocytic nevus on acral volar skin. JAMA Dermatol 2013;149:989-90. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4452.
21. Fargnoli MC, Suppa M, Micantonio T, Antonini A, Tambone S, Peris K. Dermoscopic features and follow-up changes of acral melanocytic naevi in childhood and adolescence. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(2):374-81. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12667.
22. Chuah SY, Tsilika K, Chiaverini C, et al. Dermoscopic features of congenital acral melanocytic nevi in children: a prospective comparative and follow-up study. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(1):88-93. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13187.
23. Khatri SS, Wang M, Harms KL, Durham AB, Johnson TM, Nazarian RM, el al. Subungual atypical lentiginous melanocytic proliferations in children and adolescents: A clinicopathologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(2):327-336.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.030.
24. Koga H. Dermoscopic evaluation of melanonychia. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):515-517. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.13863
25. Schaffer JV. Update on melanocytic nevi in children. Clin Dermatol. 2015;33(3):368-86. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.12.015.
26. Dika E, Ravaioli GM, Fanti PA, Neri I, Patrizi A. Spitz Nevi and Other Spitzoid Neoplasms in Children: Overview of Incidence Data and Diagnostic Criteria. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):25-32. doi: 10.1111/pde.13025.
27. Babino G, Moscarella E, Fulgione E, De Col E, Piccolo V, Argenziano G. In: Spitz/Reed Nevus. Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.9-13.
28. Mestier Y, Moscarella E, Marchetti Cautela J, Lallas, Longo C, Zalaudek I, et al. Clinicodermoscopic features of Spitz naevi by age and anatomical site: a study of 378 Spitz naevi. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(4):e152-e153. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15501.
29. Lallas A, Apalla Z, Ioannides D, Lazaridou E, Kyrgidis A, Broganelli P, et al. Update on dermoscopy of Spitz/Reed naevi and management guidelines by the International Dermoscopy Society. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Sep;177(3):645-655. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15339.
30. Lallas A, Apalla Z, Papageorgiou C, Evangelou G, Ioannides D, Argenziano G. Management of Flat Pigmented Spitz and Reed Nevi in Children. JAMA Dermatol. 2018;154(11):1353-1354. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3013.
31. Pizzichetta MA, Talamini R, Stanganelli I, Soyer HP. Natural history of atypical and equivocal melanocytic lesions in children: an observational study of 19 cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014;31(3):331-6. doi: 10.1111/pde.12259.
32. Brás S, Gouveia AI, Teixeira AI, Oliveira AL, Soares de Almeida LM. The Dysplastic Nevus. Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology. 2016;74(3):227-239. doi: 10.29021/spdv.74.3.592.
33. Fulgione E, Moscarella E, Babino G, De Col E, Piccolo V, Argenziano G. Childhood Melanoma. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.21-24.
34. Merkel EA, Mohan LS, Shi K, Panah E, Zhang B, Gerami P. Paediatric melanoma: clinical update, genetic basis, and advances in diagnosis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019;3(9):646-654. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30116-6.
35. Carrera C, Scope A, Dusza SW, Argenziano G, Nazzaro G, Phan A, et al. Clinical and dermoscopic characterization of pediatric and adolescent melanomas: Multicenter study of 52 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(2):278-288. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.065.
36. Neri I. Sebaceous Nevus. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.219-226.
37. Micali G, Verzì A, Quattrocchi E, Ng CY, Lacarrubba F. Dermatoscopy of Common Lesions in Pediatric Dermatology. Dermatol Clin. 2018;36(4):463-472. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2018.05.012.
38. Silva MJ, Palácios J, Rebelo M, Torres E. Infantile Hemangioma and Updated Recommended Treatment. Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology. 2019;77(1), 39-46. doi:10.29021/spdv.77.1.1012.
39. Micali G, Verzì AE, Musumeci ML, Lacarrubba F. Vascular Anomalies. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.235-242.
40. Haliasos EC, Kerner M, Jaimes N, Zalaudek I, Malvehy J, Lanschuetzer CM, et al. Dermoscopy for the pediatric dermatologist, part ii: dermoscopy of genetic syndromes with cutaneous manifestations and pediatric vascular lesions. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30(2):172-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01874.x.
41. Lacarrubba F, Boscaglia S, Tedeschi A, Micali G. Pyogenic Granuloma. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.249-254.
42. Neri I. Lymphatic Malformations. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.227-233.
43. Micali G, Verzì AE, Tedeschi A, Lacarrubba F. Juvenile Xanthogranuloma. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.205-212.
44. Neri I. Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.227-233.
45. Caldarola G, Fania L, Fossati B, Zampetti A, Broganelli P, Massi G, Feliciani C. Dermoscopy of melanocytic lesions in patients affected by oculocutaneous albinism: a case series. Dermatology. 2013;226(4):358-61. doi: 10.1159/000351315.
46. Thomas L, Puig S. Dermoscopy, Digital Dermoscopy and Other Diagnostic Tools in the Early Detection of Melanoma and Follow-up of High-risk Skin Cancer Patients. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;Suppl 218:14-21. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2719.
2. Moscarella E, Piccolo V, Argenziano G, Lallas A, Longo C, Castagnetti F, et al. Problematic lesions in children. Dermatol Clin. 2013;31(4):535-47. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
3. Haliasos EC, Kerner M, Jaimes N, Zalaudek I, Malvehy J, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, et al. Dermoscopy for the pediatric dermatologist part III: dermoscopy of melanocytic lesions. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30(3):281-93. doi: 10.1111/pde.12041.
4. De Col E, Moscarella E, Babino G, Fulgione E, Piccolo V, Argenziano G. Congenital Nevi. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.15-20.
5. Stefanaki C, Soura E, Stergiopoulou A, Kontochristopoulos G, Katsarou A, Potouridou I, et al. Clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of congenital melanocytic naevi. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(10):1674-1680. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14988.
6. Changchien L, Dusza SW, Agero AL, Korzenko AJ, Braun RP, Sachs D, et al. Age- and site-specific variation in the dermoscopic patterns of congenital melanocytic nevi: an aid to accurate classification and assessment of melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Aug;143(8):1007-14.
7. Errichetti E, Patriarca MM, Stinco G. Dermoscopy of congenital melanocytic nevi: a ten-year follow-up study and comparative analysis with acquired melanocytic nevi arising in prepubertal age. Eur J Dermatol. 2017;27(5):505-510. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2017.3088.
8. Kinsler VA, O'Hare P, Bulstrode N, Calonje JE, Chong WK, Hargrave D, et al. Melanoma in congenital melanocytic naevi. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(5):1131-1143. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15301.
9. Krengel S, Marghoob AA. Current management approaches for congenital melanocytic nevi. Dermatol Clin 2012 Jul;30:377-87
10. Scope A, Marchetti MA, Marghoob AA, Dusza SW, Geller AC, Satagopan JM, et al. The study of nevi in children: Principles learned and implications for melanoma diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(4):813-823. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.027.
11. Zalaudek I, Schmid K, Marghoob AA, Scope A, Manzo M, Moscarella E, et al. Frequency of dermoscopic nevus subtypes by age and body site: a cross-sectional study. Arch Dermatol 2011;147:663-70. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.149.
12. Papakonstantinou A, Ioannides D, Vakirlis E, Savvoulidis C, Lallas A, Apalla Z, et al. Dermoscopic features of melanocytic skin lesions in Greek children and adolescents and their association with environmental factors and skin types. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(12):2142-2148. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14996.
13. Hurwitz RM, Buckel LJ. Signature nevi: individuals with multiple melanocytic nevi commonly have similar clinical and histologic patterns. Dermatol Pract Concept 2011;1:13-7. doi: 10.5826/dpc.0101a04.
14. Tsao H, Bevona C, Goggins W, Quinn T. The transformation rate of moles (melanocytic nevi) into cutaneous melanoma: a population-based estimate. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(3):282-288.
15. Aouthmany M, Weinstein M, Zirwas MJ, Brodell RT. The natural history of halo nevi: a retrospective case series. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:582-6. doi: 10.1016/j.
16. De Giorgi V, Sestini S, Grazzini M, Janowska A, Boddi V, Lotti T. Prevalence and distribution of melanocytic naevi on the scalp: a prospective study. Br J Dermatol 2010;162:345-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09486.x.
17. Tcheung WJ, Bellet JS, Prose NS, Cyr DD, Nelson KC. Clinical and dermoscopic features of 88 scalp naevi in 39 children. Br J Dermatol 2011;165:137-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10297.x.
18. Zalaudek I, Schmid K, Niederkorn A, Fink-Puches R, Richtig E, Wolf I, et al. Proposal for a clinical-deroscopic classification of scalp naevi. Br J Dermatol 2014;170:1065-72. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12722.
19. Hunt RD, Orlow SJ, Schaffer JV. Genital melanocytic nevi in children: Experience in a pediatric dermatology practice. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014;70:429-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.022.
20. Minagawa A, Koga H, Uhara H, Yokokawa Y, Okuyama R. Age-related prevalence of dermoscopic patterns in acquired melanocytic nevus on acral volar skin. JAMA Dermatol 2013;149:989-90. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4452.
21. Fargnoli MC, Suppa M, Micantonio T, Antonini A, Tambone S, Peris K. Dermoscopic features and follow-up changes of acral melanocytic naevi in childhood and adolescence. Br J Dermatol. 2014;170(2):374-81. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12667.
22. Chuah SY, Tsilika K, Chiaverini C, et al. Dermoscopic features of congenital acral melanocytic nevi in children: a prospective comparative and follow-up study. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(1):88-93. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13187.
23. Khatri SS, Wang M, Harms KL, Durham AB, Johnson TM, Nazarian RM, el al. Subungual atypical lentiginous melanocytic proliferations in children and adolescents: A clinicopathologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;79(2):327-336.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.030.
24. Koga H. Dermoscopic evaluation of melanonychia. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):515-517. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.13863
25. Schaffer JV. Update on melanocytic nevi in children. Clin Dermatol. 2015;33(3):368-86. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.12.015.
26. Dika E, Ravaioli GM, Fanti PA, Neri I, Patrizi A. Spitz Nevi and Other Spitzoid Neoplasms in Children: Overview of Incidence Data and Diagnostic Criteria. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):25-32. doi: 10.1111/pde.13025.
27. Babino G, Moscarella E, Fulgione E, De Col E, Piccolo V, Argenziano G. In: Spitz/Reed Nevus. Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.9-13.
28. Mestier Y, Moscarella E, Marchetti Cautela J, Lallas, Longo C, Zalaudek I, et al. Clinicodermoscopic features of Spitz naevi by age and anatomical site: a study of 378 Spitz naevi. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(4):e152-e153. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15501.
29. Lallas A, Apalla Z, Ioannides D, Lazaridou E, Kyrgidis A, Broganelli P, et al. Update on dermoscopy of Spitz/Reed naevi and management guidelines by the International Dermoscopy Society. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Sep;177(3):645-655. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15339.
30. Lallas A, Apalla Z, Papageorgiou C, Evangelou G, Ioannides D, Argenziano G. Management of Flat Pigmented Spitz and Reed Nevi in Children. JAMA Dermatol. 2018;154(11):1353-1354. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3013.
31. Pizzichetta MA, Talamini R, Stanganelli I, Soyer HP. Natural history of atypical and equivocal melanocytic lesions in children: an observational study of 19 cases. Pediatr Dermatol. 2014;31(3):331-6. doi: 10.1111/pde.12259.
32. Brás S, Gouveia AI, Teixeira AI, Oliveira AL, Soares de Almeida LM. The Dysplastic Nevus. Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology. 2016;74(3):227-239. doi: 10.29021/spdv.74.3.592.
33. Fulgione E, Moscarella E, Babino G, De Col E, Piccolo V, Argenziano G. Childhood Melanoma. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.21-24.
34. Merkel EA, Mohan LS, Shi K, Panah E, Zhang B, Gerami P. Paediatric melanoma: clinical update, genetic basis, and advances in diagnosis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019;3(9):646-654. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30116-6.
35. Carrera C, Scope A, Dusza SW, Argenziano G, Nazzaro G, Phan A, et al. Clinical and dermoscopic characterization of pediatric and adolescent melanomas: Multicenter study of 52 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(2):278-288. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.065.
36. Neri I. Sebaceous Nevus. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.219-226.
37. Micali G, Verzì A, Quattrocchi E, Ng CY, Lacarrubba F. Dermatoscopy of Common Lesions in Pediatric Dermatology. Dermatol Clin. 2018;36(4):463-472. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2018.05.012.
38. Silva MJ, Palácios J, Rebelo M, Torres E. Infantile Hemangioma and Updated Recommended Treatment. Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology. 2019;77(1), 39-46. doi:10.29021/spdv.77.1.1012.
39. Micali G, Verzì AE, Musumeci ML, Lacarrubba F. Vascular Anomalies. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.235-242.
40. Haliasos EC, Kerner M, Jaimes N, Zalaudek I, Malvehy J, Lanschuetzer CM, et al. Dermoscopy for the pediatric dermatologist, part ii: dermoscopy of genetic syndromes with cutaneous manifestations and pediatric vascular lesions. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30(2):172-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01874.x.
41. Lacarrubba F, Boscaglia S, Tedeschi A, Micali G. Pyogenic Granuloma. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.249-254.
42. Neri I. Lymphatic Malformations. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.227-233.
43. Micali G, Verzì AE, Tedeschi A, Lacarrubba F. Juvenile Xanthogranuloma. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.205-212.
44. Neri I. Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome. In: Micali G, Lacarrubba F, Stinco G, Argenziano G, Neri I, editors. Atlas of Pediatric Dermatoscopy. Switzerland : Springer, 2018. p.227-233.
45. Caldarola G, Fania L, Fossati B, Zampetti A, Broganelli P, Massi G, Feliciani C. Dermoscopy of melanocytic lesions in patients affected by oculocutaneous albinism: a case series. Dermatology. 2013;226(4):358-61. doi: 10.1159/000351315.
46. Thomas L, Puig S. Dermoscopy, Digital Dermoscopy and Other Diagnostic Tools in the Early Detection of Melanoma and Follow-up of High-risk Skin Cancer Patients. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;Suppl 218:14-21. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2719.
Published
2020-01-11
How to Cite
Pimenta, R., Fernandes, S., Filipe, P., & Laureano Oliveira, A. (2020). Dermoscopy in Pediatric Dermatology – Part I: Skin Tumors. Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology, 77(4), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.77.4.1126
Section
Continuous Medical Education
All articles in this journal are Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
