Cancro Anal em Doentes com Infecção por VIH - Experiência do Hospital de Curry Cabral
Resumo
Introdução: Os homens que têm sexo com homens, particularmente os infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) têm risco aumentado de cancro anal. Ao contrário da maior parte das doenças oportunistas e/ou definidoras de SIDA, os dados são contraditórios no que diz respeito ao efeito da terapêutica antirretrovírica, não sendo claro o impacto da supressão virológica e reconstituição imunitária na evolução da infecção por vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) e prevenção das neoplasias associadas. Actualmente é já recomendada a vacinação de doentes com infecção por VIH contra o HPV; os programas de rastreio do cancro anal, recomendados por algumas organizações, carecem ainda de validação definitiva da sua eficácia.
Material e Métodos: Os autores fizeram um estudo retrospectivo dos casos de cancro anal diagnosticados entre 2000-2015 em doentes com infecção por VIH em seguimento no serviço de Infecciologia do Hospital de Curry Cabral, em Lisboa. São avaliadas as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos doentes com cancro do canal anal ao longo de um período de quinze anos.
Resultados: O cancro anal foi diagnosticado em dez doentes, maioritariamente homens HSH, com infecção por VIH com uma duração média de 15,1 anos, com contagem média de linfócitos TCD4+ de 441 células/uL. O diagnóstico foi mais frequentemente realizado no estádio III e o tratamento mais frequente foi cirúrgico, ocasionalmente conjugado com radioterapia. Faleceram 4 doentes.
Conclusões: São necessários programas de rastreio consensuais do cancro anal, a par da necessidade de reforço da vacinação contra o HPV nos homens, nomeadamente nos homens que têm sexo com homens, com ou sem infecção por VIH.
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