Revisão das Manifestações Extracutâneas da Esclerose Localizada
Resumo
A morfeia, ou esclerodermia localizada, é uma doença do tecido conjuntivo na qual o excesso de deposição de colagénio leva ao desenvolvimento de lesões escleróticas. Inicialmente distinguida da esclerose sistémica pela ausência de manifestações sistémicas, envolvimento limitado à pele e curso relativamente benigno, sabe-se actualmente que a esclerose localizada pode estar associada a múltiplas manifestações extracutâneas. No presente artigo faz-se uma revisão da literatura das manifestações extracutâneas associadas a esta doença, nomeadamente musculoesqueléticas, neurológicas, oftalmológicas, gastrointestinais, respiratórias, cardíacas e renais.
Downloads
Referências
Careta MF, Romiti R. Localized scleroderma: Clinical spectrum and therapeutic update. An Bras Dermatol. 2015;90:62–73.
Mertens JS, Seyger MMB, Thurlings RM, Radstake TRDJ, de Jong EMGJ. Morphea and Eosinophilic Fasciitis: An Update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017;18:491–512.
Fett N. Scleroderma: Nomenclature, etiology, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatments: Facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol. 2013;31:432–7.
Takehara K, Sato S. Localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder. Rheumatology. 2005;44:274–9.
Fett N, Werth VP. Update on morphea: Part I. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:217–28.
Sartori-valinotti JC, Tollefson MM, Reed AM. Updates on Morphea : Role of Vascular Injury and Advances in Treatment. Autoimmune Dis. 2013;2013:467808.
Laxer RM, Zulian F. Localized scleroderma. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006;18:606–13.
El-Kehdy J, Abbas O, Rubeiz N. A review of Parry-Romberg syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67:769–84.
Zulian F, Vallongo C, Woo P, Russo R, Ruperto N, Harper J, et al. Localized scleroderma in childhood is not just a skin disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2873–81.
Bielsa Marsol I. Update on the classification and treatment of localized scleroderma. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2013;104:654–66.
Schanz S, Fierlbeck G, Ulmer A, Schmalzing M, Kümmerle-Deschner J, Claussen CD, et al. Localized Scleroderma: MR Findings and Clinical Features. Radiology. 2011;260:817–24.
Saad Magalhães C, Fernandes T, Fernandes T, Resende L. A cross-sectional electromyography assessment in linear scleroderma patients. Pediatr Rheumatol.
;12:27.
Ruth Walker JoF. Morphea and Parry-Romberg syndrome associated with a mixed movement disorder. Park Relat Disord. 2013;19:1669–1170.
Cutaneous manifestations and orthopedic complications of linear morphea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72:AB69.
Eutsler EP, Horton DB, Epelman M, Finkel T, Averill LW. Musculoskeletal MRI findings of juvenile localized scleroderma. Pediatr Radioll. 2017;47:442–9.
Shivanand G, Srivastava DN. Melorheostosis with scleroderma. Clin Imaging. 2004;28:214–5.
Li SC, Liebling MS, Haines KA. Ultrasonography is a sensitive tool for monitoring localized scleroderma. Rheumatology. 2007;46:1316–9.
Li SC, Liebling MS, Haines KA, Weiss JE, Prann A. Initial evaluation of an ultrasound measure for assessing the activity of skin lesions in juvenile localized scleroderma. Arthritis Care Res. 2011;63:735–42.
Živković SA, Freiberg W, Lacomis D, Domsic RT, Medsger TA. Localized scleroderma and regional inflammatory myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord. 2014;24:425–30.
Polcari I, Moon A, Mathes EF, Gilmore ES, Paller AS. Headaches as a presenting symptom of linear morphea en coup de sabre. Pediatrics. 2014;134:e1715-9.
Khan MA, Shaw L, Eleftheriou D, Prabhakar P, Chong WK, Glover M. Radiologic improvement after early medical intervention in localised facial morphea. Pediatr Dermatol. 2016;33:e95–8.
Rosario C, Garelick D, Greenberg G, Chapman J, Shoenfeld Y, Langevitz P. Plaque morphea with neurological involvement—an extraordinary uncommon presentation. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34:597–601.
Doolittle DA, Lehman VT, Schwartz KM, Wong-Kisiel LC, Lehman JS, Tollefson MM. CNS imaging findings associated with Parry–Romberg syndrome and en coup de sabre: correlation to dermatologic and neurologic abnormalities. Neuroradiology. 2014;57:21–34.
Sartori S, Martini G, Calderone M, Patrizi A, Gobbi G, Zulian F. Severe epilepsy preceding by four months the onset of scleroderma en coup de sabre. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27(Suppl. 54): 64-7.
Amaral TN, Marques Neto JF, Lapa AT, Peres FA, Guirau CR, Appenzeller S. Neurologic involvement in scleroderma en coup de sabre. Autoimmune Dis. 2012; 2012:719685.
Klimiec E, Klimkowicz-Mrowiec A. Mild Cognitive Impairment as a single sign of brain hemiatrophy in patient with Localized Scleroderma and Parry-Romberg Syndrome.
Neurol Neurochir Pol.2016;50:215–8.
Kister I, Inglese M, Laxer RM, Herbert J. Neurologic manifestations of localized scleroderma: A case report and literature review. Neurology.2008;71:1538–45.
Anderson ME, Hochman MG. Atypical Neuroimaging Manifestations of Linear Scleroderma “en coup de sabre.” Iran J Child Neurol. 2015;9:3351–5.
Amaral TN, Peres FA, Lapa AT, Marques-Neto JF, Appenzeller S. Neurologic involvement in scleroderma: A systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013;43:335–47.
Rubin L. Linear scleroderma association with abnormalities of the spine and nervous system. Arch Derm Syphilol. 1948;579:1-18.
Moseley BD, Burrus TM, Mason TG, Shin C. Neurological picture. Contralateral cutaneous and MRI findings in a patient with Parry-Romberg syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.2010;81:1400–1.
Stone J, Franks AJ, Guthrie JA, Johnson MH, Street GG. Scleroderma “ en coup de sabre ”: pathological evidence of intracerebral inflammation. 2001;2:382–5.
Unterberger I, Trinka E, Engelhardt K, Muigg A, Eller P, Wagner M, et al. Linear scleroderma “en coup de sabre” coexisting with plaque-morphea: neuroradiological manifestation and response to corticosteroids. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.2003;74:661–4.
Vanschoiack LR, Shubayev VI, Myers RR, Sheets CG, Earthman JC. NIH Public Access. 2014;28:1286–92.
Zannin ME, Martini G, Athreya BH, Russo R, Higgins G, Vittadello F, et al. Ocular involvement in children with localised scleroderma: a multi-centre study. Br J Ophthalmol.
;91:1311–4.
Singh S, Ali MJ, Mishra DK, Naik MN. Lacrimal Drainage System Involvement in Linear Scleroderma. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;33:e127-e128.
Bucher F, Fricke J, Neugebauer A, Cursiefen C, Heindl LM. Ophthalmological manifestations of Parry-Romberg syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol.2016;61:693–701.
Korkmaz C. Linear scleroderma “en coup de sabre” associated with cerebral and ocular vasculitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2007;36:159–60.
Lenassi E, Vassallo G, Kehdi E, Chieng AS, Ashworth JL. Craniofacial linear scleroderma associated with retinal telangiectasia and exudative retinal detachment. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.2017;21:251–4.
Foeldvari I. New Developments in Juvenile Systemic and Localized Scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2013;39:905–20.
Arif T, Masood Q, Singh J, Hassan I. Assessment of esophageal involvement in systemic sclerosis and morphea (localized scleroderma) by clinical, endoscopic, manometric and pH metric features: a prospective comparative hospital based study. BMC Gastroenterol.
;15:24.
Valões CM, Novak G V, Brunelli JB, Kozu KT, Toma RK, Silva CA. Anormalidades esofágicas na esclerodermia localizada juvenil: associação com outras manifestações
extracutâneas? Rev Bras Reumatol. 2016;10:5–9.
Tang MM, Bornstein MM, Irla N, Beltraminelli H, Lombardi T, Borradori L. Oral mucosal morphea: A new variant. Dermatology. 2012;224:215–20.
Hernández Pérez JM, Acosta Fernández O. Afectación pulmonar por esclerodermia localizada tipo morfea en coup de sabre. Arch Bronconeumol 2009;45:411–2.
Borowiec a, Dabrowski R, Wozniak J, Jasek S, Chwyczko T, Kowalik I, et al. Cardiovascular assessment of asymptomatic patients with juvenile-onset localized and systemic scleroderma: 10 years prospective observation. Scand J Rheumatol. 2012;41:33–8.
Wozniak J, Dabrowski R, Luczak D, Kwiatkowska M, Musiej-Nowakowska E, Kowalik I, et al. Evaluation of heart rhythm variability and arrhythmia in children with systemic and localized scleroderma. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:191–6.
Kasap B, Soylu A, Türkmen M, Götay Y, Sarioğlu S, Öztürk C, et al. Juvenile linear scleroderma with unique forms of renal involvement. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009;24:2041–5.
Gayraud M. Raynaud’s phenomenon. J Bone Spine. 2007;74:1–8.
Kim Andrew, Marinkovich Nicholas, Vasquez Rebecca JHT. Clinical features of patients with morphea and the pansclerotic subtype: a cross-sectional study from the morphea in adults and children cohort. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:106–12.
Leitenberger JJ, Cayce RL, Haley RW, Adams-huet B, Bergstresser PR, Jacobe HT. Distinct Autoimmune syndromes in morphea. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145:545–50.
Chen JK, Chung L, Fiorentino DF. Characterization of patients with clinical overlap of morphea and systemic sclerosis: A case series. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74:1272–4.
Toki S, Motegi S, Yamada K, Uchiyama A, Kanai S, Yamanaka M, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of systemic sclerosis complicated with localized scleroderma. J Dermatol. 2015;42:283–7
Warner Dharamsi J, Victor S, Aguwa N, Ahn C, Arnett F, Mayes MD, et al. Morphea in Adults and Children Cohort III. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149:1159.
Chiu YE. Evaluating the clinical utility of autoantibodies in morphea. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149:1166.
Arkachaisri T, Fertig N, Pino S, Medsger TA. Serum autoantibodies and their clinical associations in patients with childhood- and adult-onset linear scleroderma. A
single-center study. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:2439–44.
Todos os artigos desta revista são de acesso aberto sob a licença internacional Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0).
