Tratamento da Dermite Atópica Moderada a Grave em Adultos
Resumo
A dermite atópica é uma doença cutânea inflamatória crónica, caracterizada por lesões eritemato-descamativas pruriginosas recorrentes, frequentemente associadas a sobreinfecção. É uma das mais comuns doenças cutâneas, afectando 10% a 20% das crianças e 1% a 3% dos adultos, sendo uma causa significativa de morbilidade, compromisso de qualidade de vida e consumo de cuidados de saúde. Ainda que muitos doentes possam ser tratados de forma satisfatória com medicação tópica e fototerapia, um subgrupo de doentes requer terapêutica sistémica mais agressiva para controlar a inflamação cutânea, reduzir sintomas, prevenir exacerbações e melhorar a qualidade de vida. Para além disso, as formas graves da doença têm um profundo impacto na vida dos doentes o que requer a combinação de tratamentos tópicos e sistémicos para as controlar, depois de adequadamente excluídos os motivos para falência terapêutica. Apesar das múltiplas opções clássicas disponíveis, terapêuticas eficazes e seguras estão limitadas pela toxicidade cumulativa e efeitos adversos associados. Este artigo revê o uso e a evidência científica disponível destas opções de tratamento na dermite atópica moderada a grave do adulto, bem como vários novos e promissores fármacos presentemente em investigação.
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