Fotodermatoses Autoimunes Parte I - Fisiopatologia e Diagnóstico
Resumo
As fotodermatoses autoimunes constituem um grupo heterogéneo de dermatoses idiopáticas que têm na sua génese alterações imunológicas atualmente não completamente esclarecidas. Este grupo inclui cinco entidades clinicamente distintas - erupção polimorfa à luz, prurigo actínico, hydroa vacciniforme, dermite actínica crónica, urticária solar -, algumas potencialmente graves e com grande impacto na qualidade de vida dos doentes. A fisiopatologia das fotodermatoses autoimunes parece estar relacionada com a formação de fotoalergénios em respota à exposição solar. O mecanismo de reação de hipersensibilidade é variável entre as diferentes patologias. O diagnóstico das fotodermatoses autoimunes depende do reconhecimento das caraterísticas clínicas. A realização de fototestes permite a confirmação do diagnóstico e a determinação da radiação e dose limiar indutora. Numa altura em que a área da fotodermatologia tem vindo a perder gradualmente o seu impacto, propomos rever a fisiopatologia e abordagem diagnóstica atual das fotodermatoses autoimunes.
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